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The Art of Correct Spelling
When A Final Consonant Is Doubled
When a word of one syllabus ends in a single consonant (bag) preceded by a single vowel (bug) Double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel (baggage) or before the suffix y (baggy).
Drop-dropped
Swim-swimming
Ship-shipper
Slip-slippage
Glad-gladden
Bet-better
Clan-clannish
Skin-skinny
Chum-chummy
Exceptions:
Gas-gaseous
Saw-sawing
Fix-fixed
Bus-buses
tow-towed
tax-taxing
When a word of more than one syllabus ends in a single consonant (refer) preceded by a single vowel (refer) and the accent falls on the last syllable of the root word (refer). Double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel (referred).
Regret-regrettable
Concur-concurrent
Begin-beginning
Occur-occurring
Control-controller
Transfer-transferred (but: transferable)
Note: If the accent shifts to the word's first syllable when a suffix beginning with a vowel is added, the final consonant is not doubled.
Refer-referred but: reference
When a Final Consonant Is Not Doubled
When a word of one syllabus ends in a single consonant (bad) preceded by a single vowel (bad) Do not double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a consonant (badly)
Ship-shipment
Glad-gladness
Drop-droplet
When a word of more than one syllable ends in a single consonant (benefit) preceded by a single vowel (benefit) the accent does not fall on the last syllable of the root word (benefit). Do not double the final consonant before a suffix with a vowel (benefited)
differ-differed-differing
credit-credited-creditor
travel-traveled-traveler
cancel-canceled-canceling but: cancellation
Exceptions:
Program-programmed-programming
kidnap-kidnapped-kidnapping
agree-agreeing
mile-mileage
dye-dyeing
hoe-hoeing
When a word of one or more syllables ends in a single consonant (cloud, repeat) preceded by more than one vowel (cloud, repeat). Do not double the final consonant before any suffix, whether it begins with a consonant (cloudless) or a vowel (repeating)
eat-eaten
chief-chiefly
bias-biased
wool-woolen but: woolly
When a word of one or more syllables ends with more than one consonant (work, detach). do not double the final consonant before any suffix (workday, detached)
confirm-confirming
hand-handful
return-returned
Note: Words ending with ll usually retain both consonants before a suffix. However, when adding the suffix ly, drop one l from the root word. When adding the suffixes less or like, insert a hyphen between the root and the suffix to avoid three l's in a row.
skill-skillful
full-fully
hull- hull-less
install-installment
shell- shell-like
Final Silent E
Words ending in silent e usually drop the e before a suffix beginning with a vowel.
use-usage
true-truism
sale-salable
argue-arguing
Spelling Guide (2) 
Note: Words ending in ee or ge usually retain the e before suffixes beginning with
a, o or u.
enforceable, noticeable, serviceable
manageable, knowledgeable
but: forcible, aging, changing.
Words ending with silent e usually retain the e before a suffix beginning with a consonant.
trouble-troublesome
manage-management
nine-ninety
like-likeness
hope-hopeful
Exceptions:
judge- judgment
whole-wholly
nine-ninth
gentle-gently
awe-awful........
Words ending in ie change the is to y before adding ing:
die-dying
tie-tying
lie- lying (but : liar)
vie-vying (but: viable)
When a Final Y is Changed to I
Words ending in y preceded by a consonant change the y to i before any suffix except one beginning with i.
Ordinary-Ordinarily
Heavy-heaviest- but: try-trying
Happy-happiness defy-defiant
Thirty-thirtieth
Likely-likelihood
Words ending in y preceded by a vowel usually retain the y before any suffix.
Delay-delayed
Annoy-annoyance
Buy-buyer
Obey-obeying
Betray-betrayal
Employ-employable
Exceptions:
Pay-paid
Day-daily
Gay-gaily
Lay-laid
Say-said
Slay-slain
EI and IE Words
Put i before e Or when sounded like a
Except after c As in neighbor and weight
I Before E
believe - brief - relieve
but: either - height - seize
After C
Deceive-receive-conceive-Perceive
Deceit-receipt-conceit-ceiling
but: ancient-species-science-financier
Sounded like A
Freight their eight vein
Weight heir sleigh skein
Words Ending in Able and Ible
The ending able is more commonly used.
Advisable dependable likeable probable salable changeable knowledgeable payable receivable valuable
However a number of frequently used words end ible.
Compatible eligible irrepressible possible susceptible
Convertible feasible irresistible responsible terrible
Credible flexible legible sensible visible
Words Ending With ant ance and ent/ence
Words ending in ant, ance, ent, ence follow no clear-cut pattern. Therefore, consult a dictionary when a doubt.
Existent persistent descendant occurrence
Insistent resistant dependant recurrence
Assistance maintenance intelligence surveillance
Words Ending in ize, ise, and yze.
Words Ending in Ise, Yse and, Yze.
Only one word ends in sede: supersede.
Only three words end in ceed:
Exceed Proceed Succeed
Note, however, that derivatives of these three words are spelled with only one e:
Excess Procedure Success
All other words ending with the syllable pronounced "seed" are spelled cede:
Precede recede concede accede intercede